Oil, natural gas, and coal are all considered fossil fuels; they are non-renewable energy sources formed from the decomposition of ancient organic matter, used primarily for generating heat and electricity by burning them.
Key points about each:
Oil:
Primarily used for transportation fuels like gasoline and diesel, also used in plastics and other chemical products.Natural Gas:
Primarily used for heating homes and businesses, can also be used to generate electricity.Coal:
A solid fuel, mostly used for electricity generation, with different types varying in carbon content.
2. A scientist is conducting a study to determine how well a new medication treats ear infections. The scientist tells the participants to put 10 drops in their infected ear each day. After two weeks, all participants' ear infections had healed. Which of the following changes to the design of this study would most improve the ability to test if the new medication effectively treats ear infections?
Have participants put ear drops in both their infected ear and healthy ear
Create a second group of participants with ear infections who do not use any ear drops
Have participants use ear drops for only one week
Create a second group of participants with ear infections who use 15 drops a day
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3. Which of the following is an example of genetic engineering?
Attaching the root of one type of plant to the stem of another type of plant
Growing a whole plant from a single cell
Finding the sequences of bases in plant DNA
Inserting a gene into plants that makes them resistant to insects
4. What is the main cause of seasons on the Earth?
Changes in the amount of energy coming from the sun
The distance between the Earth and the sun
The speed that the Earth rotates around the sun
The tilt of the Earth's axis in relation to the sun
5. These graphs show the monthly precipitation and average temperature for three cities in the United States over the course of one year. Based on the graphs, which city has the greatest annual range of temperatures?
They all have the same annual temperature range
Chicago, Illinois
Los Angeles, California
New York, New York
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6. The time a computer takes to start has increased dramatically. One possible explanation for this is that the computer is running out of memory. This explanation is a scientific…
Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
Conclusion
7. Many diseases have an incubation period. Which of the following best describes what an incubation period is?
The recovery period after being sick
The period during which someone has an infection, but is not showing symptoms
The effect of a disease on babies
The period during which someone builds up immunity to a disease
8. When large areas of forest are removed so land can be converted for other uses, such as farming, which of the following occurs?
Colder temperature
Increased erosion
Greater oxygen production
Decreased carbon dioxide
9. An antacid relieves an overly acidic stomach because the main components of antacids are …
Acids
Isotopes
Neutral
Bases
An antacid relieves an overly acidic stomach because the main components of antacids are bases.
Explanation: Bases neutralize acids, so when an antacid (which is a base) comes into contact with stomach acid, it neutralizes it, reducing the acidity level.
Key points:
Antacids are bases: This is the key concept to remember.
Neutralization reaction: When a base (antacid) reacts with an acid (stomach acid), it creates a neutral substance.
Common antacid ingredients: Calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate.
10. Which of these is a major concern about the overuse of antibiotics?
Antibiotics can cause secondary infections
Antibiotics will get into the water system
There will be an antibiotic shortage
It can lead to antibiotic-resistant bacteria
11. A car travels at a constant speed of 40 miles per hour. How far does the car travel in 45 minutes?
25 miles
30 miles
35 miles
40 miles